What is new in CISSP 2024 Refresh?

The CISSP exam, a top-tier gold standard security certification, is familiar with this melody. ISC2 usually update every three years to keep up with the changing market. We are now at the beginning of the latest CISSP upgrade. What outcomes might we anticipate from these changes?

We examine them in depth in this article so that you can comprehend what is new, what is not, and what this means for aspiring CISSP professionals.  In essence, this refresh to the examination itinerary is negligible in my opinion. Let’s see it in ground reality

When & what is refreshing?

An enhancement to the CISSP examination is scheduled for April 15, 2024. We are aware that ISC2 places significant emphasis on precision and pertinence. Through their steadfast commitment to these periodic exam updates, they demonstrate their unwavering determination to safeguard the CISSP certification’s esteemed standing within the information security sector.

Preserving the exam’s alignment with the practicalities and obstacles encountered by contemporary cybersecurity practitioners is more important than merely advocating for change.

Here is the overall domain weightage table: To be precise only two domains are changing as far as weightage is concerned which is domain1 – Security & Risk Management and domain8 – Software Development Security, rest are all unchanged.

Domains	2021 Weightage	2024 Weightage
1. Security and Risk Management	15%	16%
2. Asset Security	10%	10%
3. Security Architecture and Engineering	13%	13%
4. Communication and Network Security	13%	13%
5. Identity and Access Management (IAM)	12%	12%
6. Security Assessment and Testing	12%	12%
7. Security Operations	13%	13%
8. Software Development Security	11%	10%

Here is the section-wise, more detailed comparison chart, which I will highlight what is removed in red colour, what is added in blue colour and changed in Amber colour

Syllabus changed in May 1st 2021

Syllabus changing in April 15th 2024

1	Domain 1 – Security and Risk Management	1	Domain 1 – Security and Risk Management
1.1	Understand, adhere to, and promote professional ethics	1.1	Understand, adhere to, and promote professional ethics
1.1.1	(ISC)² Code of Professional Ethics	1.1.1	(ISC)² Code of Professional Ethics
1.1.2	Organizational code of ethics	1.1.2	Organizational code of ethics
1.2	Understand and apply security concepts	1.2	Understand and apply security concepts
1.2.1	Confidentiality, integrity, and availability, authenticity and nonrepudiation	1.2.1	Confidentiality, integrity, and availability, authenticity, and nonrepudiation (5 Pillars of Information Security)
1.3	Evaluate and apply security governance principles	1.3	Evaluate, apply, and sustain security governance principles
1.3.1	Alignment of the security function to business strategy, goals, mission, and objectives	1.3.1	Alignment of the security function to business strategy, goals, mission, and objectives
1.3.2	Organizational processes (e.g., acquisitions, divestitures, governance committees)	1.3.2	Organizational processes (e.g., acquisitions, divestitures, governance committees)
1.3.3	Organizational roles and responsibilities	1.3.3	Organizational roles and responsibilities
1.3.4	Security control frameworks	1.3.4	Security control frameworks (e.g., International Organization for Standardization (ISO), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT), Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA), Payment Card Industry (PCI), Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP))
1.3.5	Due care/due diligence	1.3.5	Due care/due diligence
1.5	Understand legal and regulatory issues that pertain to information security in a holistic context	1.4	Understand legal, regulatory, and compliance issues that pertain to information security in a holistic context
1.5.1	Cybercrimes and data breaches	1.4.1	Cybercrimes and data breaches
1.5.2	Licensing and Intellectual Property (IP) requirements	1.4.2	Licensing and Intellectual Property requirements
1.5.3	Import/export controls	1.4.3	Import/export controls
1.5.4	Transborder data flow	1.4.4	Transborder data flow
1.5.5	Privacy
		1.4.5	Issues related to privacy (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act, Personal Information Protection Law, Protection of Personal Information Act)
		1.4.6	Contractual, legal, industry standards, and regulatory requirements
1.4	Determine compliance and other requirements
1.4.1	Contractual, legal, industry standards, and regulatory requirements
1.4.2	Privacy requirements
1.6	Understand requirements for investigation types (i.e., administrative, criminal, civil, regulatory, industry standards)	1.5	Understand requirements for investigation types (i.e., administrative, criminal, civil, regulatory, industry standards)
1.7	Develop, document, and implement security policy, standards, procedures, and guidelines	1.6	Develop, document, and implement security policy, standards, procedures, and guidelines
1.8	Identify, analyze, and prioritize Business Continuity (BC) requirements	1.7	Identify, analyze, assess, prioritize, and implement Business Continuity (BC) requirements
1.8.1	Business Impact Analysis (BIA)	1.7.1	Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
1.8.2	Develop and document the scope and the plan
		1.7.2	External dependencies
1.9	Contribute to and enforce personnel security policies and procedures	1.8	Contribute to and enforce personnel security policies and procedures
1.9.1	Candidate screening and hiring	1.8.1	Candidate screening and hiring
1.9.2	Employment agreements and policies	1.8.2	Employment agreements and policy driven requirements
1.9.3	Onboarding, transfers, and termination processes	1.8.3	Onboarding, transfers, and termination processes
1.9.4	Vendor, consultant, and contractor agreements and controls	1.8.4	Vendor, consultant, and contractor agreements and controls
1.9.5	Compliance policy requirements
1.9.6	Privacy policy requirements
1.10	Understand and apply risk management concepts	1.9	Understand and apply risk management concepts
1.10.1	Identify threats and vulnerabilities	1.9.1	Threat and vulnerability identification
1.10.2	Risk assessment/analysis	1.9.2	Risk analysis, assessment, and scope
1.10.3	Risk response	1.9.3	Risk response and treatment (e.g., cybersecurity insurance)
1.10.4	Countermeasure selection and implementation
1.10.5	Applicable types of controls (e.g., preventive, detective, corrective)	1.9.4	Applicable types of controls (e.g., preventive, detection, corrective)
1.10.6	Control assessments (security and privacy)	1.9.5	Control assessments (e.g., security and privacy)
1.10.7	Monitoring and measurement	1.9.6	Continuous monitoring and measurement
1.10.8	Reporting	1.9.7	Reporting (e.g., internal, external)
1.10.9	Continuous improvement (e.g., Risk maturity modeling)	1.9.8	Continuous improvement (e.g., risk maturity modeling)
1.10.10	Risk frameworks	1.9.9	Risk frameworks (e.g., International Organization for Standardization (ISO), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT), Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA), Payment Card Industry (PCI))
1.11	Understand and apply threat modeling concepts and methodologies	1.10	Understand and apply threat modeling concepts and methodologies
1.12	Apply Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) concepts	1.11	Apply supply chain risk management (SCRM) concepts
1.12.1	Risks associated with hardware, software, and services	1.11.1	Risks associated with the acquisition of products and services from suppliers and providers (e.g., product tampering, counterfeits, implants)
1.12.2	Third-party assessment and monitoring	1.11.2	Risk mitigations (e.g., third-party assessment and monitoring, minimum security requirements, service level requirements, silicon root of trust, physically unclonable function, software bill of materials)
1.12.3	Minimum security requirements
1.12.4	Service-level requirements
1.13	Establish and maintain a security awareness, education, and training program	1.12	Establish and maintain a security awareness, education, and training program
1.13.1	Methods and techniques to present awareness and training (e.g., social engineering, phishing, security champions, gamification)	1.12.1	Methods and techniques to increase awareness and training (e.g., social engineering, phishing, security champions, gamification)
1.13.2	Periodic content reviews	1.12.2	Periodic content reviews to include emerging technologies and trends (e.g., cryptocurrency, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain)
1.13.3	Program effectiveness evaluation	1.12.3	Program effectiveness evaluation
2	Domain 2- Asset Security	2	Domain 2- Asset Security
2.1	Identify and classify information and assets	2.1	Identify and classify information and assets
2.1.1	Data classification	2.1.1	Data classification
2.1.2	Asset Classification	2.1.2	Asset Classification
2.2	Establish information and asset handling requirements	2.2	Establish information and asset handling requirements
2.3	Provision resources securely	2.2.3	Provision information and assets securely
2.3.1	Information and asset ownership	2.3.1	Information and asset ownership
2.3.2	Asset inventory (e.g., tangible, intangible)	2.3.2	Asset inventory (e.g., tangible, intangible)
2.3.3	Asset management	2.3.3	Asset management
2.4	Manage data lifecycle	2.4	Manage data lifecycle
2.4.1	Data roles (i.e., owners, controllers, custodians, processors, users/subjects)	2.4.1	Data roles (i.e., owners, controllers, custodians, processors, users/subjects)
2.4.2	Data collection	2.4.2	Data collection
2.4.3	Data location	2.4.3	Data location
2.4.4	Data maintenance	2.4.4	Data maintenance
2.4.5	Data retention	2.4.5	Data retention
2.4.6	Data remanence	2.4.6	D2.4.5ata remanence
2.4.7	Data destruction	2.4.7	Data destruction
2.5	Ensure appropriate asset retention (e.g., End-of-Life (EOL), End-of-Support (EOS))	2.5	Ensure appropriate asset retention (e.g., End of Life (EOL), End of Support)
2.6	Determine data security controls and compliance requirements	2.6	Determine data security controls and compliance requirements
2.6.1	Data states (e.g., in use, in transit, at rest)	2.6.1	Data states (e.g., in use, in transit, at rest)
2.6.2	Scoping and tailoring	2.6.2	Scoping and tailoring
2.6.3	Standards selection	2.6.3	Standards selection
2.6.4	Data protection methods (e.g., Digital Rights Management (DRM), Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB))	2.6.4	Data protection methods (e.g., Digital Rights Management (DRM), data loss prevention (DLP), cloud access security broker (CASB))
3	Domain 3 – Security Architecture and Engineering	3	Domain 3 – Security Architecture and Engineering
3.1	Research, implement and manage engineering processes using secure design principles	3.1	Research, implement, and manage engineering processes using secure design principles
3.1.1	Threat modeling	3.1.1	3.1.2
3.1.2	Least privilege	3.1.2	Least privilege
3.1.3	Defense in depth	3.1.3	Defense in depth
3.1.4	Secure defaults	3.1.4	Secure defaults
3.1.5	Fail securely	3.1.5	Fail securely
3.1.6	Separation of Duties (SoD)	3.1.6	Separation of Duties (SoD)
3.1.7	Keep it simple	3.1.7	Keep it simple and small
3.1.8	Zero Trust	3.1.8	Zero trust or trust but verify
3.1.9	Privacy by design	3.1.9	Privacy by design
3.1.10	Trust but verify
3.1.11	Shared responsibility	3.1.10	Shared responsibility
		3.1.11	Secure access service edge
3.2	Understand the fundamental concepts of security models (e.g., Biba, Star Model, Bell-LaPadula)	3.2	Understand the fundamental concepts of security models (e.g., Biba, Star Model, Bell-LaPadula)
3.3	Select controls based upon systems security requirements	3.3	Select controls based upon systems security requirements
3.4	Understand security capabilities of Information Systems (IS) (e.g., memory protection, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), encryption/decryption)	3.4	Understand security capabilities of Information Systems (e.g., memory protection, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), encryption/decryption)
3.5	Assess and mitigate the vulnerabilities of security architectures, designs, and solution elements	3.5	Assess and mitigate the vulnerabilities of security architectures, designs, and solution elements
3.5.1	Client-based systems	3.5.1	Client-based systems
3.5.2	Server-based systems	3.5.2	Server-based systems
3.5.3	Database systems	3.5.3	Understand the fundamental concepts of security models
3.5.4	Cryptographic systems	3.5.4	Cryptographic systems
3.5.5	Industrial Control Systems (ICS)	3.5.5	Operational Technology/industrial control systems (ICS)
3.5.6	Cloud-based systems (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS))	3.5.6	Cloud-based systems (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS))
3.5.7	Distributed systems	3.5.7	Distributed systems
3.5.8	Internet of Things (IoT)	3.5.8	Internet of Things (IoT)
3.5.9	Microservices	3.5.9	Microservices (e.g., application programming interface (API))
3.5.10	Containerization	3.5.10	Containerization
3.5.11	Serverless	3.5.11	Serverless
3.5.12	Embedded systems	3.5.12	Embedded systems
3.5.13	High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems	3.5.13	High-Performance Computing systems
3.5.14	Edge computing systems	3.5.14	Edge computing systems
3.5.15	Virtualized systems	3.5.15	Virtualized systems
3.6	Select and determine cryptographic solutions	3.6	Select and determine cryptographic solutions
3.6.1	Cryptographic life cycle (e.g., keys, algorithm selection)	3.6.1	Cryptographic life cycle (e.g., key management, algorithm selection)
3.6.2	Cryptographic methods (e.g., symmetric, asymmetric, elliptic curves, quantum)	3.6.2	Cryptographic methods (e.g., symmetric, asymmetric, elliptic curves)
3.6.3	Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)	3.6.3	Public key infrastructure (PKI) (e.g., quantum key distribution)
3.6.4	Key management practices	3.6.4	Key management practices (e.g., rotation)
3.6.5	Digital signatures	3.6.5	Digital signatures and digital certificates (e.g., non-repudiation, integrity)
3.6.6	Non-repudiation
3.6.7	Integrity (e.g., hashing)
3.7	Understand methods of cryptanalytic attacks	3.7	Understand methods of cryptanalytic attacks
3.7.1	Brute force	3.7.1	Brute force
3.7.2	Ciphertext only	3.7.2	Ciphertext only
3.7.3	Known plaintext	3.7.3	Known plaintext
3.7.4	Frequency analysis	3.7.4	Frequency analysis
3.7.5	Chosen ciphertext	3.7.5	Chosen ciphertext
3.7.6	Implementation attacks	3.7.6	Implementation attacks
3.7.7	Side-channel	3.7.7	Side-channel
3.7.8	Fault injection	3.7.8	Fault injection
3.7.9	Timing	3.7.9	Timing
3.7.10	Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)	3.7.10	Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)
3.7.11	Pass the hash	3.7.11	Pass the hash
3.7.12	Kerberos exploitation	3.7.12	Kerberos exploitation
3.7.13	Ransomware	3.7.13	Ransomware
3.8	Apply security principles to site and facility design	3.8	Apply security principles to site and facility design
3.9	Design site and facility security controls	3.9	Design site and facility security controls
3.9.1	Wiring closets/intermediate distribution facilities	3.9.1	Wiring closets/intermediate distribution frame
3.9.2	Server rooms/data centers	3.9.2	Server rooms/data centers
3.9.3	Media storage facilities	3.9.3	Media storage facilities
3.9.4	Evidence storage	3.9.4	Evidence storage
3.9.5	Restricted and work area security	3.9.5	Restricted and work area security
3.9.6	Utilities and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)	3.9.6	Utilities and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
3.9.7	Environmental issues	3.9.7	Environmental issues (e.g., natural disasters, man-made)
3.9.8	Fire prevention, detection, and suppression	3.9.8	Fire prevention, detection, and suppression
3.9.9	Power (e.g., redundant, backup	3.9.9	Power (e.g., redundant, backup)
3.9.9	Power (e.g., redundant, backup	3.9.10	Power (e.g., redundant, backup)
		3.10	Manage the information system lifecycle
		3.10.1	Stakeholders needs and requirements
		3.10.2	Requirements analysis
		3.10.3	Architectural design
		3.10.4	Development /implementation
		3.10.5	Integration
		3.10.6	Verification and validation
		3.10.7	Transition/deployment
		3.10.8	Operations and maintenance/sustainment
		3.10.9	Retirement/disposal
4	Domain 4 – Communication and Network Security	4	Domain 4 – Communication and Network Security
4.1	Assess and implement secure design principles in network architectures	4.1	Apply secure design principles in network architectures
4.1.1	Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) models	4.1.1	Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) models
4.1.2	Internet Protocol (IP) networking (e.g., Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Internet Protocol (IP) v4/6)	4.1.2	Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 and 6 (IPv6) (e.g., unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast)
4.1.3	Secure protocols	4.1.3	Secure protocols (e.g., Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Secure Shell (SSH), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS))
4.1.4	Implications of multilayer protocols	4.1.4	Implications of multilayer protocols
4.1.5	Converged protocols (e.g., Fiber Channel Over Ethernet (FCoE), Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP))	4.1.5	Converged protocols (e.g., Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), InfiniBand over Ethernet, Compute Express Link)
4.1.6	Micro-segmentation (e.g., Software Defined Networks (SDN), Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN), Encapsulation, Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN))
		4.1.6	Transport architecture (e.g., topology, data/control/management plane, cut-through/store-and-forward)
		4.1.7	Performance metrics (e.g., bandwidth, latency, jitter, throughput, signal-to-noise ratio)
		4.1.8	Traffic flows (e.g., north-south, east-west)
		4.1.9	Physical segmentation (e.g., in-band, out-of-band, air-gapped)
		4.1.10	Logical segmentation (e.g., virtual local area networks (VLANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), virtual routing and forwarding, virtual domain)
		4.1.11	Micro-segmentation (e.g., network overlays/encapsulation; distributed firewalls, routers, intrusion detection system (IDS)/intrusion prevention system (IPS), zero trust)
		4.1.12	Edge networks (e.g., ingress/egress, peering)
4.1.7	Wireless networks (e.g., Li-Fi, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, satellite)	4.1.13	Wireless networks (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, satellite)
4.1.8	Cellular networks (e.g., 4G, 5G)	4.1.14	Cellular/mobile networks (e.g., 4G, 5G)
4.1.9	Content Distribution Networks (CDN)	4.1.15	Content distribution networks (CDN)
		4.1.16	Software defined networks (SDN), (e.g., application programming interface (API), Software-Defined Wide Area Network, network functions virtualization)
		4.1.17	Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
		4.1.18	Monitoring and management (e.g., network observability, traffic flow/shaping, capacity management, fault detection and handling)
4.2	Secure network components	4.2	Secure network components
4.2.1	Operation of hardware (e.g., redundant power, warranty, support)	4.2.1	Operation of infrastructure (e.g., redundant power, warranty, support)
4.2.2	Transmission media	4.2.2	Transmission media (e.g., physical security of media, signal propagation quality)
4.2.3	Network Access Control (NAC) devices	4.2.3	Network Access Control (NAC) systems (e.g., physical, and virtual solutions)
4.2.4	Endpoint security	4.2.4	Endpoint security (e.g., host-based)
4.3	Implement secure communication channels according to design	4.3	Implement secure communication channels according to design
4.3.1	Voice	4.3.1	Voice, video, and collaboration (e.g., conferencing, Zoom rooms)
4.3.2	Multimedia collaboration
4.3.3	Remote access	4.3.2	Remote access (e.g., network administrative functions)
4.3.4	Data communications	4.3.3	Data communications (e.g., backhaul networks, satellite)
4.3.5	Virtualized networks
4.3.6	Third-party connectivity	4.3.4	Third-party connectivity (e.g., telecom providers, hardware support)
5	Domain 5 – Identity and Access Management (IAM)	5	Domain 5 – Identity and Access Management (IAM)
5.1	Control physical and logical access to assets	5.1	Control physical and logical access to assets
5.1.1	Information	5.1.1	Information
5.1.2	Systems	5.1.2	Systems
5.1.3	Devices	5.1.3	Devices
5.1.4	Facilities	5.1.4	Facilities
5.1.5	Applications	5.1.5	Applications
		5.1.6	Services
5.2	Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services	5.2	Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services
5.2.1	Identity Management (IdM) implementation
		5.2.1	Groups and Roles
5.2.2	Single/Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)	5.2.2	Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) (e.g., multi-factor authentication (MFA), password-less authentication)
5.2.3	Accountability
5.2.4	Session management	5.2.3	Session management
5.2.5	Registration, proofing, and establishment of identity	5.2.4	Registration, proofing, and establishment of identity
5.2.6	Federated Identity Management (FIM)	5.2.5	Federated Identity Management (FIM)
5.2.7	Credential management systems	5.2.6	Credential management systems (e.g., Password vault)
5.2.8	Single Sign On (SSO)	5.2.7	Single sign-on (SSO)
5.2.9	Just-In-Time (JIT)	5.2.8	Just-In-Time (JIT)
5.3	Federated identity with a third-party service	5.3	Federated identity with a third-party service
5.3.1	On-premise	5.3.1	On-premise
5.3.2	Cloud	5.3.2	Cloud
5.3.3	Hybrid	5.3.3	Hybrid
5.4	Implement and manage authorization mechanisms	5.4	Implement and manage authorization mechanisms
5.4.1	Role Based Access Control (RBAC)	5.4.1	Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
5.4.2	Rule based access control	5.4.2	Rule based access control
5.4.3	Mandatory Access Control (MAC)	5.4.3	Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
5.4.4	Discretionary Access Control (DAC)	5.4.4	Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
5.4.5	Attribute-based access control (ABAC)	5.4.5	Attribute-based access control (ABAC)
5.4.6	Risk based access control	5.4.6	Risk based access control
		5.4.7	Access policy enforcement (e.g., policy decision point, policy enforcement point)
5.5	Manage the identity and access provisioning lifecycle	5.5	Manage the identity and access provisioning lifecycle
5.5.1	Account access review (e.g., user, system, service)	5.5.1	Account access review (e.g., user, system, service)
5.5.2	Provisioning and deprovisioning (e.g., on /off boarding and transfers)	5.5.2	Provisioning and deprovisioning (e.g., on/off boarding and transfers)
5.5.3	Role definition (e.g., people assigned to new roles)	5.5.3	Role definition and transition (e.g., people assigned to new roles)
5.5.4	Privilege escalation (e.g., managed service accounts, use of sudo, minimizing its use)	5.5.4	Privilege escalation (e.g., use of sudo, auditing its use)
		5.5.5	Service accounts management
5.6	Implement authentication systems	5.6	Implement authentication systems
5.6.1	OpenID Connect (OIDC)/Open Authorization (Oauth)
5.6.2	Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
5.6.3	Kerberos
5.6.4	Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)/Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+)
6	Domain 6 – Security Assessment and Testing	6	Domain 6 – Security Assessment and Testing
6.1	Design and validate assessment, test, and audit strategies	6.1	Design and validate assessment, test, and audit strategies
6.1.1	Internal	6.1.1	Internal (e.g., within organization control)
6.1.2	External	6.1.2	External (e.g., outside organization control)
6.1.3	Third-party	6.1.3	Third-party (e.g., outside of enterprise control)
		6.1.4	Location (e.g., on-premise, cloud, hybrid)
6.2	Conduct security control testing	6.2	Conduct security control testing
6.2.1	Vulnerability assessment	6.2.1	Vulnerability assessment
6.2.2	Penetration testing	6.2.2	Penetration testing (e.g., red, blue, and/or purple team exercises)
6.2.3	Log reviews	6.2.3	Log reviews
6.2.4	Synthetic transactions	6.2.4	Synthetic transactions/benchmarks
6.2.5	Code review and testing	6.2.5	Code review and testing
6.2.6	Misuse case testing	6.2.6	Misuse case testing
6.2.7	Test coverage analysis	6.2.7	Coverage analysis
6.2.8	Interface testing	6.2.8	Interface testing (e.g., user interface, network interface, application programming interface (API))
6.2.9	Breach attack simulations	6.2.9	Breach attack simulations
6.2.10	Compliance checks	6.2.10	Compliance checks
6.3	Collect security process data (e.g., technical and administrative)	6.3	Collect security process data (e.g., technical and administrative)
6.3.1	Account management	6.3.1	Account management
6.3.2	Management review and approval	6.3.2	Management review and approval
6.3.3	Key performance and risk indicators	6.3.3	Key performance and risk indicators
6.3.4	Backup verification data	6.3.4	Backup verification data
6.3.5	Training and awareness	6.3.5	Training and awareness
6.3.6	Disaster Recovery (DR) and Business Continuity (BC)	6.3.6	Disaster Recovery (DR) and Business Continuity (BC)
6.4	Analyze test output and generate report	6.4	Analyze test output and generate report
6.4.1	Remediation	6.4.1	Remediation
6.4.2	Exception handling	6.4.2	Exception handling
6.4.3	Ethical disclosure	6.4.3	Ethical disclosure
6.5	Conduct or facilitate security audits	6.5	Conduct or facilitate security audits
6.5.1	Internal	6.5.1	Internal (e.g., within organization control)
6.5.2	External	6.5.2	External (e.g., outside organization control)
6.5.3	Third-party	6.5.3	Third-party (e.g., outside of enterprise control)
		6.5.4	Location (e.g., on-premise, cloud, hybrid)
7	Domain 7 – Security Operations	7	Domain 7 – Security Operations
7.1	Understand and support investigations	7.1	Understand and support investigations
7.1.1	Evidence collection and handling	7.1.1	Evidence collection and handling
7.1.2	Reporting and documentation	7.1.2	Reporting and documentation
7.1.3	Investigative techniques	7.1.3	Investigative techniques
7.1.4	Digital forensics tools, tactics, and procedures	7.1.4	Digital forensics tools, tactics, and procedures
7.1.5	Artifacts (e.g., computer, network, mobile device)	7.1.5	Artifacts (e.g., data, computer, network, mobile device)
7.2	Conduct logging and monitoring activities	7.2	Conduct logging and monitoring activities
7.2.1	Intrusion detection and prevention	7.2.1	Intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS)
7.2.2	Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)	7.2.2	Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
		7.2.3	Security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR)
7.2.3	Continuous monitoring	7.2.4	Continuous monitoring and tuning
7.2.4	Egress monitoring	7.2.5	Egress monitoring
7.2.5	Log management	7.2.6	Log management
7.2.6	Threat intelligence (e.g., threat feeds, threat hunting)	7.2.7	Threat intelligence (e.g., threat feeds, threat hunting)
7.2.7	User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA)	7.2.8	User and Entity Behavior Analytics
7.3	Perform Configuration Management (CM) (e.g., provisioning, baselining, automation)	7.3	Perform Configuration Management (CM) (e.g., provisioning, baselining, automation)
7.4	Apply foundational security operations concepts	7.4	Apply foundational security operations concepts
7.4.1	Need-to-know/least privilege	7.4.1	Need-to-know/least privileges
7.4.2	Separation of Duties (SoD) and responsibilities	7.4.2	Segregation of Duties (SoD) and responsibilities
7.4.3	Privileged account management	7.4.3	Privileged account management
7.4.4	Job rotation	7.4.4	Job rotation
7.4.5	Service Level Agreements (SLAs)	7.4.5	Service Level Agreements (SLA)
7.5	Apply resource protection	7.5	Apply resource protection techniques
7.5.1	Media management	7.5.1	Media management
7.5.2	Media protection techniques	7.5.2	Hardware and software asset management
		7.5.3	Data at rest/data in transit
7.6	Conduct incident management	7.6	Conduct incident management
7.6.1	Detection	7.6.1	Detection
7.6.2	Response	7.6.2	Response
7.6.3	Mitigation	7.6.3	Mitigation
7.6.4	Reporting	7.6.4	Reporting
7.6.5	Recovery	7.6.5	Recovery
7.6.6	Remediation	7.6.6	Remediation
7.6.7	Lessons learned	7.6.7	Lessons learned
7.7	Operate and maintain detective and preventative measures	7.7	Operate and maintain detection and preventative measures
7.7.1	Firewalls (e.g., next generation, web application, network)	7.7.1	Firewalls (e.g., next generation, web application, network)
7.7.2	Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)	7.7.2	Intrusion detection and prevention systems
7.7.3	Whitelisting/blacklisting	7.7.3	Whitelisting/blacklisting
7.7.4	Third-party provided security services	7.7.4	Third-party provided security services
7.7.5	Sandboxing	7.7.5	Sandboxing
7.7.6	Honeypots/honeynets	7.7.6	Honeypots/honeynets
7.7.7	Anti-malware	7.7.7	Anti-malware
7.7.8	Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools	7.7.8	Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) based tools
7.8	Implement and support patch and vulnerability management	7.8	Implement and support patch and vulnerability management
7.9	Understand and participate in change management processes	7.9	Understand and participate in change management processes
7.10	Implement recovery strategies	7.10	Implement recovery strategies
7.10.1	Backup storage strategies	7.10.1	Backup storage strategies (e.g., cloud storage, onsite, offsite)
7.10.2	Recovery site strategies	7.10.2	Recovery site strategies (e.g., cold vs. hot, resource capacity agreements)
7.10.3	Multiple processing sites	7.10.3	Multiple processing sites
7.10.4	System resilience, high availability, Quality of Service (QoS), and fault tolerance	7.10.4	System resilience, high availability (HA), Quality of Service (QoS), and fault tolerance
7.11	Implement Disaster Recovery (DR) processes	7.11	Implement Disaster Recovery (DR) processes
7.11.1	Response	7.11.1	Response
7.11.2	Personnel	7.11.2	Personnel
7.11.3	Communications	7.11.3	Communications (e.g., methods)
7.11,4	Assessment	7.11.4	Assessment
7.11.5	Restoration	7.11.5	Restoration
7.11.6	Implement recovery strategies	7.11.6	Training and awareness
7.11.7	Lessons learned	7.11.7	Lessons learned
7.12	Test Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP)	7.12	Test Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP)
7.12.1	Read-through/tabletop	7.12.1	Read-through/tabletop
7.12.2	Walkthrough	7.12.2	Walkthrough
7.12.3	Simulation	7.12.3	Simulation
7.12.4	Parallel	7.12.4	Parallel
7.12.5	Full interruption	7.12.5	Full interruption
		7.12.6	Communications (e.g., stakeholders, test status, regulators)
7.13	Participate in Business Continuity (BC) planning and exercises	7.13	Participate in Business Continuity (BC) planning and exercises
7.14	Implement and manage physical security	7.14	Implement and manage physical security
7.14.1	Perimeter security controls	7.14.1	Perimeter security controls
7.14.2	Internal security controls	7.14.2	Internal security controls
7.15	Address personnel safety and security concerns	7.15	Address personnel safety and security concerns
7.15.1	Travel	7.15.1	Travel
7.15.2	Security training and awareness	7.15.2	Security training and awareness (e.g., insider threat, social media impacts, two-factor authentication (2FA) fatigue)
7.15.3	Emergency management	7.15.3	Emergency management
7.15.4	Duress	7.15.4	Duress
8	Domain 8 – Software Development Security	8	Domain 8 – Software Development Security
8.1	Understand and integrate security in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)	8.1	Understand and integrate security in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
8.1.1	Development methodologies (e.g., Agile, Waterfall, DevOps, DevSecOps)	8.1.1	Development methodologies (e.g., Agile, Waterfall, DevOps, DevSecOps, Scaled Agile Framework)
8.1.2	Maturity models (e.g., Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM))	8.1.2	Maturity models (e.g., Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM))
8.1.3	Operation and maintenance	8.1.3	Operation and maintenance
8.1.4	Change management	8.1.4	Change management
8.1.5	Integrated Product Team (IPT)	8.1.5	Integrated Product Team
8.2	Identify and apply security controls in software development ecosystems	8.2	Identify and apply security controls in development environments
8.2.1	Programming languages	8.2.1	Programming languages
8.2.2	Libraries	8.2.2	Libraries
8.2.3	Tool sets	8.2.3	Tool sets
8.2.4	Integrated Development Environment (IDE)	8.2.4	Integrated Development Environment
8.2.5	Runtime	8.2.5	Runtime
8.2.6	Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)	8.2.6	Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)
8.2.7	Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)
8.2.8	Software Configuration Management (SCM)	8.2.7	Software Configuration Management
8.2.9	Code repositories	8.2.8	Code repositories
8.2.10	Application security testing (e.g., Static Application Security Testing (SAST), Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST))	8.2.9	Application security testing (e.g., static application security testing (SAST), dynamic application security testing (DAST), software composition analysis, Interactive Application Security Test (IAST))
8.3	Assess the effectiveness of software security	8.3	Assess the effectiveness of software security
8.3.1	Auditing and logging of changes	8.3.1	Auditing and logging of changes
8.3.2	Risk analysis and mitigation	8.3.2	Risk analysis and mitigation
8.4	Assess security impact of acquired software	8.4	Assess security impact of acquired software
8.4.1	Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)	8.4.1	Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)
8.4.2	Open source	8.4.2	Open source
8.4.3	Third-party	8.4.3	Third-party
8.4.4	Managed services (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS))	8.4.4	Managed services (e.g., enterprise applications)
		8.4.5	Cloud services (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS))
8.5	Define and apply secure coding guidelines and standards	8.5	Define and apply secure coding guidelines and standards
8.5.1	Security weaknesses and vulnerabilities at the source-code level	8.5.1	Security weaknesses and vulnerabilities at the source-code level
8.5.2	Security of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)	8.5.2	Security of application programming interfaces (API)
8.5.3	Secure coding practices	8.5.3	Secure coding practices
8.5.4	Software-defined security	8.5.4	Software-defined security

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